简短的回答

case class Behavior[S](step: S => Behavior[S])

长回答(短的版本)

终端F-Coalgebras 都很酷。

只要回答

警告：大量有刺铁丝网&co-香蕉、或东西...

好吧，那么，假设你已经概念的一个函数 F 捕获这意味着什么，你的行为"不会的东西"。 在大多数图书馆是这样的：

trait Functor[F[_]]:
  def map[A, B](fa: F[A])(f: A => B): F[B]

一个 F-coalgebra A 实际上只是一个功能 A 要 F[A]:

trait FCoalg[F[_]: Functor, A]:
  def apply(a: A): F[A]

现在，一个 终端 F-coalgebra T 是一个 F-coalgebra它另外还有一个属性，从每一个其他的 F-coalgebra A 有一个调解态射 A => T (这样，一切都通勤，等等等等等):

trait TerminalFCoalg[F[_]: Functor, T] extends FCoalg[F, T]:
  def mediate[A](coalg: FCoalg[F, A]): A => T

我们可以实现它为任意的 F? 事实证明，我们可以：

case class TerminalFCoalgCarrier[F[_]: Functor](
  step: () => F[TerminalFCoalgCarrier[F]]
)

given tfcImpl[F[_]: Functor]: TerminalFCoalg[F, TerminalFCoalgCarrier[F]] with
  def apply(a: TerminalFCoalgCarrier[F]): F[TerminalFCoalgCarrier[F]] = a.step()
  def mediate[A](coalg: FCoalg[F, A]): A => TerminalFCoalgCarrier[F] = a =>
    TerminalFCoalgCarrier(() => summon[Functor[F]].map(coalg(a))(mediate(coalg)))

为了一个具体的例子，让我们看看这玩意儿不会对于最简单的可想象到的函子 Option:

given Functor[Option] with
  def map[A, B](fa: Option[A])(f: A => B): Option[B] = fa.map(f)

type ConaturalNumber = TerminalFCoalgCarrier[Option]

事实证明，在终端 F-coalgebra为 Option 是所谓的 conatural号码. 这些都是基本的自然数，加上数无穷大。 这些东西都很好地适合于表示的长度可能是无限的"点击"的进程。

让我们尝试在一个有限的行为：

enum WelshCounting:
  case Eeny
  case Meeny
  case Miny
  case Moe

object WelshCountingOptionCoalg extends FCoalg[Option, WelshCounting]:
  def apply(w: WelshCounting): Option[WelshCounting] =
    import WelshCounting._
    w match
      case Eeny => None
      case Meeny => Some(Eeny)
      case Miny => Some(Meeny)
      case Moe => Some(Miny)

val welshMediatingMorphism =
  summon[TerminalFCoalg[Option, TerminalFCoalgCarrier[Option]]]
  .mediate(WelshCountingOptionCoalg)

现在，上述机器自动地给我们一个通用的方式将这些计数字成conatural数字。 让我们添加一个辅助方法，用于描述conatural数(大约):

def describe(c: ConaturalNumber): String =
  var counter = 0
  var curr = c
  while true do
    curr.step() match
      case None => return s"${counter}"
      case Some(next) =>
        if counter > 42 then
          return "probably infinite"
        else {
          counter += 1
          curr = next
        }
  throw new Error("We have counted to infinity, yay! :D")

这是什么示威尔士计数字？

@main def demo(): Unit =
  for w <- WelshCounting.values do
    val conat = welshMediatingMorphism(w)
    println(s"${w} -> ${describe(conat)}")

// Eeny -> 0
// Meeny -> 1
// Miny -> 2
// Moe -> 3

好的，这是整洁。 让我们来试试一个无限击过程中只有一个国家，这是继承本身：

object LoopForever extends FCoalg[Option, Unit]:
  def apply(u: Unit) = Some(())

val loopForeverMediatingMorphism =
  summon[TerminalFCoalg[Option, TerminalFCoalgCarrier[Option]]]
    .mediate(LoopForever)

如何将它现在描述这个国家 ()?

println(s"${()} -> ${describe(loopForeverMediatingMorphism(()))}")
// () -> probably infinite

似乎工作。

完整的代号：

trait Functor[F[_]]:
  def map[A, B](fa: F[A])(f: A => B): F[B]

trait FCoalg[F[_]: Functor, A]:
  def apply(a: A): F[A]

trait TerminalFCoalg[F[_]: Functor, T] extends FCoalg[F, T]:
  def mediate[A](coalg: FCoalg[F, A]): A => T

case class TerminalFCoalgCarrier[F[_]: Functor](
  step: () => F[TerminalFCoalgCarrier[F]]
)

given tfcImpl[F[_]: Functor]: TerminalFCoalg[F, TerminalFCoalgCarrier[F]] with
  def apply(a: TerminalFCoalgCarrier[F]): F[TerminalFCoalgCarrier[F]] = a.step()
  def mediate[A](coalg: FCoalg[F, A]): A => TerminalFCoalgCarrier[F] = a =>
    TerminalFCoalgCarrier(() => summon[Functor[F]].map(coalg(a))(mediate(coalg)))

given Functor[Option] with
  def map[A, B](fa: Option[A])(f: A => B): Option[B] = fa.map(f)

type ConaturalNumber = TerminalFCoalgCarrier[Option]

def describe(c: ConaturalNumber): String =
  var counter = 0
  var curr = c
  while true do
    curr.step() match
      case None => return s"${counter}"
      case Some(next) =>
        if counter > 42 then
          return "probably infinite"
        else {
          counter += 1
          curr = next
        }
  throw new Error("We cannot count to infinity :(")

enum WelshCounting:
  case Eeny
  case Meeny
  case Miny
  case Moe

object WelshCountingOptionCoalg extends FCoalg[Option, WelshCounting]:
  def apply(w: WelshCounting): Option[WelshCounting] =
    import WelshCounting._
    w match
      case Eeny => None
      case Meeny => Some(Eeny)
      case Miny => Some(Meeny)
      case Moe => Some(Miny)

val welshMediatingMorphism =
  summon[TerminalFCoalg[Option, TerminalFCoalgCarrier[Option]]]
    .mediate(WelshCountingOptionCoalg)

object LoopForever extends FCoalg[Option, Unit]:
  def apply(u: Unit) = Some(())

val loopForeverMediatingMorphism =
  summon[TerminalFCoalg[Option, TerminalFCoalgCarrier[Option]]]
    .mediate(LoopForever)

@main def demo(): Unit =
  for w <- WelshCounting.values do
    val conat = welshMediatingMorphism(w)
    println(s"${w} -> ${describe(conat)}")

  println(s"${()} -> ${describe(loopForeverMediatingMorphism(()))}")